Category: Cardiovascular health

Publications and studies on cardiovascular health including high blood pressure and cholesterol.

Health Hacker Australia > The Science > Cardiovascular health
Eating more refined grains increases risk of heart attack, early death: The researchers examined diets from diverse populations in low, middle and high-income countries. — ScienceDaily

Eating more refined grains increases risk of heart attack, early death: The researchers examined diets from diverse populations in low, middle and high-income countries. — ScienceDaily

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/02/210219155857.htm

Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Dave Asprey seems to do a good job at explaining what this study means:

“Something truly epic happened today that is going to change what you eat for years to come. Truly epic. The Journal of the American College of cardiology published a groundbreaking paper today admitting something that you already knew if you had been on the Bulletproof Diet for the last 10 years. (Yes, I am feeling slightly vindicated after receiving so much resistance after writing The Bulletproof Diet, which eventually helped people lose about 1,000,000 pounds!)This new paper, which uses data from studying 135,000 people overtime, finds:-Saturated fat from meat and dairy do not cause an increase in cardiovascular disease, and reduce stroke risk.-Polyunsaturated fats increase risk of cardiovascular disease.-Different fats do different things-Cutting saturated fat does not reduce death rate-the 25% of people eating the highest saturated fat intake (about ∼14% of calories) had lower risk of stroke-Only 5% of fat should be polyunsaturated for lowest death. This is effectively a deathblow to vegan and plant-based practices, which make people sick over time because they contain almost all polyunsaturated fats. It’s one reason I got sicker when I was a vegan. (It takes 2 years to replace half your cell membrane fats when you change your diet.)”

The effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes

The effects of resveratrol on lipid profiles and liver enzymes

This meta-analysis demonstrated that resveratrol supplementation among patients with MetS and related disorders significantly reduced total cholesterol and increased GGT concentrations, but did not affect triglycerides, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol, ALT, and AST concentrations. This data suggests that resveratrol may have a potential cardio-protective effect in patients with MetS and related disorders

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12944-020-1198-x?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound

Role of High‐Density Lipoproteins in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Glycemic Control | Journal of the American Heart Association

Role of High‐Density Lipoproteins in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Glycemic Control | Journal of the American Heart Association

Emerging evidence (summarized in Table) indicates that HDL‐ and apoA‐I–targeted therapies are a potential option for conserving residual β‐cell function and improving insulin sensitivity in patients who are progressing toward, or have already developed, T1DM and T2DM. The recent failures of HDL‐raising agents in cardiovascular clinical outcome trials highlight the need to develop novel and innovative HDL‐targeted approaches to achieve these goals. Elucidating the mechanism(s) underlying the antidiabetic functions of HDLs and apoA‐I will also provide opportunities to identify and develop new HDL‐targeted therapies for diabetes mellitus. Achievement of these goals could be particularly advantageous for patients with T1DM for whom treatment options are currently limited to insulin replacement therapy, and for patients with T2DM that are refractory to currently available therapies.

Table 1.Role of HDL and apoA‐I in Glycemic Control, Insulin Sensitivity and β‐Cell Function
Topic Outcome Reference
Association of HDL‐C and apoA‐I levels with glycemic control
Subjects with T2DM Serum HDL‐C, apoA‐I, and HDL‐C/apoA‐I levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance by HOMA‐IR 9
Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance ApoA‐I level is an independent risk factor for glucose tolerance 10
HDL and apoA‐I in glucose disposal/insulin sensitivity
Primary human skeletal muscle cells ApoA‐I improves insulin‐dependent and ‐independent glucose uptake 27
C2C12 skeletal muscle cells ApoA‐I increases glucose uptake by phosphorylation of AMPK 35
High‐fat–fed C57BL/6 mice ApoA‐I improves insulin sensitivity by reducing systemic and hepatic inflammation 40
db/db mice Long‐term HDL infusion improves glucose tolerance by activating GSK‐3 and AMPK in skeletal muscle 37
Pregnant female Wistar rats ApoA‐I infusions increase insulin sensitivity, reduces systemic inflammation and protects against pregnancy‐induced insulin resistance 45
Subjects with T2DM A single rHDL infusion reduces plasma glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and promoting glucose uptake in skeletal muscle 2
HDL and apoA‐I in β‐cell function
Min6 insulinoma cells HDLs isolated from normal human plasma, rHDLs, and apoA‐I increase Ins1 and Ins2 gene transcription and GSIS 58
Ins‐1E insulinoma cells ApoA‐I increases Pdx1 gene transcription and GSIS 57
βTC3 insulinoma cells Incubation with HDL protects βTC3 cells against LDL‐induced apoptosis 70
C57BL/6 mice ApoA‐I infusions increase insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance 52
High‐fat–fed C57BL/6 mice Short‐term apoA‐I treatment increases GSIS and improves glucose clearance independent of insulin secretion 53
Mice with conditional deletion of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in β cells ApoA‐I infusions increase GSIS in islets isolated from mice with elevated islet cholesterol levels 54
Healthy subjects and Min6 cells CETP inhibition increases plasma HDL‐C, apoA‐I, and insulin levels in normal human subjects. Plasma from these subjects also increases GSIS in Min6 cells pretreated with oxidized LDLs 60
Isolated human islets HDL protects human islets against oxidized LDL‐induced apoptosis 71
Isolated human and mouse islets HDL protects human and mouse islets from interleukin‐1β– and glucose‐induced apoptosis 72
AMPK indicates adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase; apoA‐I, apolipoprotein A‐I; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; GSIS, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion; GSK, glycogen synthase kinase‐3; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; rHDL, reconstituted HDL.

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.013531

Effect of oral L-citrulline on brachial and aortic blood pressure defined by resting status: evidence from randomized controlled trials | SpringerLink

Effect of oral L-citrulline on brachial and aortic blood pressure defined by resting status: evidence from randomized controlled trials | SpringerLink

“L-Cit supplementation significantly decreased non-resting brachial and aortic SBP. Brachial DBP was significantly lowered by L-Cit regardless of resting status. Given the relatively small number of available trials in the stratified analyses and the potential limitations of these trials, the present findings should be interpreted cautiously and need to be confirmed in future well-designed trials with a larger sample size.”

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12986-019-0415-y?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound

Amaranth Oil Increases Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels without Influencing Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in an Overweight and Obese Population: A Randomized Double‐Blind    Cross‐Over Study in Comparison with Rapeseed    Oil Supplementation

Amaranth Oil Increases Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels without Influencing Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in an Overweight and Obese Population: A Randomized Double‐Blind Cross‐Over Study in Comparison with Rapeseed Oil Supplementation

“the use of AmO (Amaranth Oil) instead of RaO may promote a proatherogenic lipid profile in obese and overweight inhabitants. “

Monika Dus‐Zuchowska 1, Jaroslaw Walkowiak 1,*, Anna Morawska 2, Patrycja Krzyzanowska‐ Jankowska 1, Anna Miskiewicz‐Chotnicka 1, Juliusz Przyslawski 2 and Aleksandra Lisowska 1 1 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60‐572 Poznan, Poland; monzuchowska@gmail.com (M.D.‐Z.); p.krzyzanowska81@gmail.com (P.K.‐J.); chotnicka@ump.edu.pl (A.M.‐C.); alisowska@ump.edu.pl (A.L.) 2 Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60‐354 Poznan, Poland; akm@ump.edu.pl (A.M.); jprzysla@ump.edu.pl (J.P.) * Correspondence: jarwalk@ump.edu.pl; Tel.: +48‐61849‐1432 Received: 13 November 2019; Accepted: 13 December 2019; Published: 16 December 2019

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/12/3069/pdf

Supplementation With the Sialic Acid Precursor N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine Breaks the Link Between Obesity and Hypertension | Circulation

Supplementation With the Sialic Acid Precursor N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine Breaks the Link Between Obesity and Hypertension | Circulation

Hyposialylated IgG and FcγRIIB in endothelium are critically involved in obesity-induced hypertension in mice, and supportive evidence was obtained in humans. Interventions targeting these mechanisms, such as ManNAc supplementation, may provide novel means to break the link between obesity and hypertension.

Supplementation With the Sialic Acid Precursor N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine Breaks the Link Between Obesity and Hypertension | Circulation

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

“Omega-3s play important roles in the body as components of the phospholipids that form the structures of cell membranes [5]. DHA, in particular, is especially high in the retina, brain, and sperm [3,5,6]. In addition to their structural role in cell membranes, omega-3s (along with omega-6s) provide energy for the body and are used to form eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules that have similar chemical structures to the fatty acids from which they are derived; they have wide-ranging functions in the body’s cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune, and endocrine systems [1,2].

The eicosanoids made from omega-6s are generally more potent mediators of inflammation, vasoconstriction, and platelet aggregation than those made from omega-3s, although there are some exceptions [3,7]. Because both classes of fatty acids compete for the same desaturation enzymes, ALA is a competitive inhibitor of linoleic acid metabolism and vice versa [8]. Similarly, EPA and DHA can compete with arachidonic acid for the synthesis of eicosanoids. Thus, higher concentrations of EPA and DHA than arachidonic acid tip the eicosanoid balance toward less inflammatory activity [9].”

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/